From 2d4d7c92bfb4ce18e4413b1e66f30bd62a44e6ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "barnboy%trilobyte.net" <> Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2001 14:11:45 +0000 Subject: Updated Bugzilla Guide and README to fix bug 76156, bug 76841, and bug 26242. The README is now gutted, pointers to Guide. Also some new sections added, old ones fixed, and notes appended to deprecated sections I've not yet had the heart to remove. --- README | 595 +---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 586 deletions(-) (limited to 'README') diff --git a/README b/README index eccd1c96e..c628f66af 100644 --- a/README +++ b/README @@ -1,592 +1,15 @@ -This is Bugzilla. See . - ===================== BUGZILLA 2.12 RELEASE ===================== - - * Release Notes for Bugzilla 2.12 are available at docs/rel_notes.txt. - - * The new preferred documentation for Bugzilla is available in docs/, with -a variety of document types available. Please refer to these documents when -installing, configuring, and maintaining your Bugzilla installation. The majority -of the contents of this file is now considered to be largely deprecated and will -go away in the 2.14 release. - ========== - DISCLAIMER - ========== - - Bugzilla is not a package where you can just plop it in a directory, -twiddle a few things, and you're off. Installing Bugzilla assumes you -know your variant of UNIX or Microsoft Windows well, are familiar with the -command line, and are comfortable compiling and installing a plethora -of third-party utilities. To install Bugzilla on Win32 requires -fair Perl proficiency, and if you use a webserver other than Apache you -should be intimately familiar with the security mechanisms and CGI -environment thereof. - - Bugzilla has not undergone a complete security review. Security holes -may exist in the code. Great care should be taken both in the installation -and usage of this software. Carefully consider the implications of -installing other network services with Bugzilla. - - - =========== - CONVENTIONS - =========== - - - Throughout this README and "The Bugzilla Guide" in the docs/ folder, -we use some writing conventions. Bourne shell prompts are used -generically to indicate any shell. - - File Names file.extension - Directory Names directory/ - Commands to be typed command - Prompt of user command under bash shell: bash$ - Prompt of root user command under bash shell: bash# - Prompt of user command under tcsh shell: tcsh$ - Environment Variables VARIABLE - Emphasized word *word* - - - ============ - INSTALLATION - ============ - - -0. Introduction - - Installation of bugzilla is pretty straightforward, particularly if your -machine already has MySQL and the MySQL-related perl packages installed. -If those aren't installed yet, then that's the first order of business. The -other necessary ingredient is a web server set up to run cgi scripts. -While using Apache for your webserver is not required, it is recommended. - - Bugzilla has been successfully installed under Solaris, Linux, and -Win32. The peculiarities of installing on Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K) are not -included in this README; please consult the Bugzilla Guide for more -detailed Win32 installation instructions. - - The Bugzilla Guide is contained in the "docs/" folder. It is available -in plain text (docs/txt), HTML (docs/html), or SGML source (docs/sgml). - - -1. Installing the Prerequisites - - The software packages necessary for the proper running of bugzilla are: - - 1. MySQL database server and the mysql client (3.22.5 or greater) - 2. Perl (5.004 or greater) - 3. DBI Perl module - 4. Data::Dumper Perl module - 5. DBD::mySQL - 6. TimeDate Perl module collection - 7. GD perl module (1.8.3) (optional, for bug charting) - 8. Chart::Base Perl module (0.99c) (optional, for bug charting) - 9. DB_File Perl module (optional, for bug charting) - 10. The web server of your choice. Apache is recommended. - - For the contrib/bug_email.pl interface, you also need: - 11. MIME::Parser Perl module - - You must also run Bugzilla on a filesystem that supports file locking via -flock(). This is necessary for Bugzilla to operate safely with multiple -instances. - - It is a good idea, while installing Bugzilla, to ensure it is not -accessible from the Internet. The machine may be vulnerable to attacks -while you are installing. - -1.1. Getting and setting up MySQL database (3.22.5 or greater) - - Visit MySQL homepage at http://www.mysql.org/ and grab the latest stable -release of the server. Both binaries and source are available and which -you get shouldn't matter. Be aware that many of the binary versions -of MySQL store their data files in /var which on many installations -(particularly common with linux installations) is part of a smaller -root partition. If you decide to build from sources you can easily set -the dataDir as an option to configure. - - If you've installed from source or non-package (RPM, deb, etc.) binaries -you'll want to make sure to add mysqld to your init scripts so the server -daemon will come back up whenever your machine reboots. - - You also may want to edit those init scripts, to make sure that -mysqld will accept large packets. By default, mysqld is set up to only -accept packets up to 64K long. This limits the size of attachments you -may put on bugs. If you add something like "-O max_allowed_packet=1M" -to the command that starts mysqld (or safe_mysqld), then you will be -able to have attachments up to about 1 megabyte. - - If you plan on running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same machine, -consider using the "--skip-networking" option in the init script. -This enhances security by preventing network access to MySQL. - -1.2. Perl (5.004 or greater) - - Any machine that doesn't have perl on it is a sad machine indeed. Perl -for *nix systems can be gotten in source form from http://www.perl.com. - - Perl is now a far cry from the the single compiler/interpreter binary it -once was. It now includes a great many required modules and quite a -few other support files. If you're not up to or not inclined to build -perl from source, you'll want to install it on your machine using some -sort of packaging system (be it RPM, deb, or what have you) to ensure -a sane install. In the subsequent sections you'll be installing quite -a few perl modules; this can be quite ornery if your perl installation -isn't up to snuff. - - - SHORTCUT: You can skip the following Perl module installation -steps by installing "Bundle::Bugzilla" from CPAN, which includes them. -All Perl module installation steps require you have an active Internet -connection. - - bash# perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Bundle::Bugzilla"' - - Bundle::Bugzilla doesn't include GD, Chart::Base, or MIME::Parser, -which are not essential to a basic Bugzilla install. If installing -this bundle fails, you should install each module individually to -isolate the problem. - - -1.3. DBI Perl module - - The DBI module is a generic Perl module used by other database related -Perl modules. For our purposes it's required by the MySQL-related -modules. As long as your Perl installation was done correctly the -DBI module should be a breeze. It's a mixed Perl/C module, but Perl's -MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation greatly. - - Like almost all Perl modules DBI can be found on the Comprehensive Perl -Archive Network (CPAN) at http://www.cpan.org. The CPAN servers have a -real tendency to bog down, so please use mirrors. The current location -at the time of this writing (02/17/99) can be found in Appendix A. - - Quality, general Perl module installation instructions can be found on -the CPAN website, but the easy thing to do is to just use the CPAN shell -which does all the hard work for you. - -To use the CPAN shell to install DBI: - - bash# perl -MCPAN -e 'install "DBI"' -(replace DBI with the name of the module you wish to install, Data::Dumper, -etc...) - -To do it the hard way: - - 1. Untar the module tarball -- it should create its own directory - 2. Enter the following commands: - perl Makefile.PL - make - make test - make install - - If everything went ok that should be all it takes. For the vast -majority of perl modules this is all that's required. - -1.4 Data::Dumper Perl module - - The Data::Dumper module provides data structure persistence for Perl -(similar to Java's serialization). It comes with later sub-releases of -Perl 5.004, but a re-installation just to be sure it's available won't -hurt anything. - - Data::Dumper is used by the MySQL related Perl modules. It can be -found on CPAN (link in Appendix A) and can be installed by following -the same four step make sequence used for the DBI module. - -1.5. MySQL related Perl module collection - - The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent perl -modules. These modules are grouped together into the the -Msql-Mysql-modules package. This package can be found at CPAN (link -in Appendix A). After the archive file has been downloaded it should -be untarred. - - The MySQL modules are all build using one make file which is generated -by running: - - perl Makefile.PL - - The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the desired -compilation target and your MySQL installation. For many of the questions -the provided default will be adequate. - - When asked if your desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages -selected the MySQL related ones. Later you will be asked if you wish -to provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you -must answer YES to this question. The default will be no, and if you -select it things won't work later. - - A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test' and -a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run tests -on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation. If 'make -test' and 'make install' go through without errors you should be ready -to go as far as database connectivity is concerned. - -1.6. TimeDate Perl module collection - - Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl modules have -been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL modules bundle. This -bundle is stored on the CPAN under the name TimeDate. A (hopefully -current) link can be found in Appendix A. The component module we're -most interested in is the Date::Format module, but installing all of them -is probably a good idea anyway. The standard Perl module installation -instructions should work perfectly for this simple package. - -1.7. GD Perl module (1.8.3) - - The GD library was written by Thomas Boutell a long while ago to -programatically generate images in C. Since then it's become almost a -defacto standard for programatic image construction. The Perl bindings -to it found in the GD library are used on a million web pages to generate -graphs on the fly. That's what bugzilla will be using it for so you'd -better install it if you want any of the graphing to work. - Actually bugzilla uses the Graph module which relies on GD itself, -but isn't that always the way with OOP. At any rate, you can find the -GD library on CPAN (link in Appendix A). - - The latest version of the GD library can be found at: - - http://www.boutell.com/gd/ - -1.8. Chart::Base Perl module (0.99c) - - The Chart module provides bugzilla with on-the-fly charting -abilities. It can be installed in the usual fashion after it has been -fetched from CPAN where it is found as the Chart-x.x... tarball in a -directory to be listed in Appendix A. Note that as with the GD perl -module, only the specific versions listed above will work. Earlier -versions used GIF's, which are no longer supported by the latest -versions of GD. - -1.9. DB_File Perl module - - DB_File is a module which allows Perl programs to make use of the facilities provided by -Berkeley DB version 1.x. This module is required by collectstats.pl which is used for -bug charting. If you plan to make use of bug charting, you must install this module. - -1.10. HTTP server - You have a freedom of choice here - Apache, Netscape or any other -server on UNIX would do. You can easily run the web server on a different -machine than MySQL, but need to adjust the MySQL "bugs" user permissions -accordingly. - - You'll want to make sure that your web server will run any file -with the .cgi extension as a cgi and not just display it. If you're using -apache that means uncommenting the following line in the srm.conf file: - - AddHandler cgi-script .cgi - - With apache you'll also want to make sure that within the access.conf -file the line: - - Options ExecCGI - -is in the stanza that covers the directories you intend to put the -bugzilla .html and .cgi files into. - -If you are using a newer version of Apache, both of the above lines will be -(or will need to be) in the httpd.conf file, rather than srm.conf or -access.conf. - -There are two critical directories and a file that should not be a served by -the HTTP server. These are the 'data' and 'shadow' directories and the -'localconfig' file. You should configure your HTTP server to not serve -content from these files. Failure to do so will expose critical passwords -and other data. Please see your HTTP server configuration manual on how -to do this. If you use quips (at the top of the buglist pages) you will want -the 'data/comments' file to still be served. This file contains those quips. - -2. Installing the Bugzilla Files - - You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that you're -willing to make writable by the default web server user (probably -'nobody'). You may decide to put the files off of the main web space -for your web server or perhaps off of /usr/local with a symbolic link -in the web space that points to the bugzilla directory. At any rate, -just dump all the files in the same place (optionally omitting the CVS -directories if they were accidentally tarred up with the rest of Bugzilla) -and make sure you can access the files in that directory through your -web server. - - HINT: If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's -HTML heirarchy, you may receive "Forbidden" errors unless you -add the "FollowSymLinks" directive to the entry -for the HTML root. +* This README is no longer used to house installation instructions. Instead, +it contains pointers to where you may find the information you need. - Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that -directory writable by your webserver's user (which may require just -making it world writable). This is a temporary step until you run -the post-install "checksetup.pl" script, which locks down your -installation. - - Lastly, you'll need to set up a symbolic link from /usr/bonsaitools/bin -to the correct location of your perl executable (probably /usr/bin/perl). -Otherwise you must hack all the .cgi files to change where they look -for perl. To make future upgrades easier, you should use the symlink -approach. - -3. Setting Up the MySQL database - - After you've gotten all the software installed and working you're ready -to start preparing the database for its life as a the back end to a high -quality bug tracker. - - First, you'll want to fix MySQL permissions to allow access from -Bugzilla. For the purpose of this README, the Bugzilla username -will be "bugs", and will have minimal permissions. Bugzilla has -not undergone a thorough security audit. It may be possible for -a system cracker to somehow trick Bugzilla into executing a command -such as "; DROP DATABASE mysql". - - That would be bad. - - Give the MySQL root user a password. MySQL passwords are -limited to 16 characters. - - bash$ mysql -u root mysql - mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD ('new_password') - WHERE user='root'; - mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; - - From this point on, if you need to access MySQL as the -MySQL root user, you will need to use "mysql -u root -p" and -enter your new_password. Remember that MySQL user names have -nothing to do with Unix user names (login names). - - Next, we create the "bugs" user, and grant sufficient -permissions for checksetup.pl, which we'll use later, to work -its magic. This also restricts the "bugs" user to operations -within a database called "bugs", and only allows the account -to connect from "localhost". Modify it to reflect your setup -if you will be connecting from another machine or as a different -user. - - Remember to set bugs_password to some unique password. - - mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX, - ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES - ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost - IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password'; - mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; - - Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script. (Many thanks to Holger -Schurig for writing this script!) -It will make sure Bugzilla files and directories have reasonable -permissions, set up the "data" directory, and create all the MySQL -tables. - - bash$ ./checksetup.pl - - The first time you run it, it will create a file called "localconfig". - - -4. Tweaking localconfig - - This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak including -how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database. - - The connection settings include: - - 1. server's host: just use "localhost" if the MySQL server is - local - 2. database name: "bugs" if you're following these directions - 3. MySQL username: "bugs" if you're following these directions - 4. Password for the "bugs" MySQL account in item 3. - - Once you are happy with the settings, re-run checksetup.pl. On this -second run, it will create the database and an administrator account -for which you will be prompted to provide information. - - When logged into an administrator account once Bugzilla is running, -if you go to the query page (off of the bugzilla main menu), you'll -find an 'edit parameters' option that is filled with editable treats. - - Should everything work, you should have a nearly empty copy of the bug -tracking setup. - - The second time around, checksetup.pl will stall if it is on a -filesystem that does not fully support file locking via flock(), such as -NFS mounts. This support is required for Bugzilla to operate safely with -multiple instances. If flock() is not fully supported, it will stall at: - - "Now regenerating the shadow database for all bugs." - - The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run it at any time -without causing harm. You should run it after any upgrade to Bugzilla. - -5. Setting Up Maintainers Manually (Optional) - - If you want to add someone else to every group by hand, you can do it -by typing the appropriate MySQL commands. Run 'mysql -u root -p bugs' -(you may need different parameters, depending on your security settings -according to section 3, above). Then: - - mysql> update profiles set groupset=0x7fffffffffffffff - where login_name = 'XXX'; - -replacing XXX with the Bugzilla email address. - -6. Setting Up the Whining Cron Job (Optional) - - By now you've got a fully functional bugzilla, but what good are bugs -if they're not annoying? To help make those bugs more annoying you can -set up bugzilla's automatic whining system. This can be done by adding -the following command as a daily crontab entry (for help on that see that -crontab man page): - - cd ; ./whineatnews.pl - -7. Bug Graphs (Optional) - - As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules you might -as well turn on the nifty bugzilla bug reporting graphs. - - bash# crontab -e - Adding this entry runs collectstats daily at 5 after midnight: - 5 0 * * * cd ; ./collectstats.pl - - After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from the -Bug Reports page. - -8. Real security for MySQL - - If you followed the README for setting up your "bugs" and "root" user in -MySQL, much of this should not apply to you. If you are upgrading -an existing installation of Bugzilla, you should pay close attention -to this section. - - MySQL has "interesting" default security parameters: - mysqld defaults to running as root - it defaults to allowing external network connections - it has a known port number, and is easy to detect - it defaults to no passwords whatsoever - it defaults to allowing "File_Priv" -This means anyone from anywhere on the internet can not only drop the -database with one SQL command, and they can write as root to the system. - - To see your permissions do: - > mysql -u root -p - use mysql; - show tables; - select * from user; - select * from db; - - To fix the gaping holes: - DELETE FROM user WHERE User=''; - UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new_password') WHERE user='root'; - FLUSH PRIVILEGES; - - If you're not running "mit-pthreads" you can use: - GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@localhost; - GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost; - REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@localhost; - FLUSH PRIVILEGES; - - With "mit-pthreads" you'll need to modify the "globals.pl" Mysql->Connect -line to specify a specific host name instead of "localhost", and accept -external connections: - GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com; - GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com; - REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@bounce.hop.com; - FLUSH PRIVILEGES; - - Consider also: - o Turning off external networking with "--skip-networking", - unless you have "mit-pthreads", in which case you can't. - Without networking, MySQL connects with a Unix domain socket. - - o using the --user= option to mysqld to run it as an unprivileged - user. - - o starting MySQL in a chroot jail - - o running the httpd in a jail - - o making sure the MySQL passwords are different from the OS - passwords (MySQL "root" has nothing to do with system "root"). - - o running MySQL on a separate untrusted machine - - o making backups ;-) - - - ----------[ Appendices ]----------------------- - -Appendix A. Required Software Download Links - - All of these sites are current as of February 17, 1999. Hopefully -they'll stay current for a while. - -MySQL: http://www.mysql.org - -Perl: http://www.perl.org - -CPAN: http://www.cpan.org - -DBI Perl module: ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/DBI/ - -Data::Dumper module: - ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/Data/ - -MySQL related Perl modules: - ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/Mysql/ - -TimeDate Perl module collection: - ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/Date/ - -GD Perl module: ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/GD/ - -Chart::Base module: - ftp://ftp.cpan.org/pub/perl/CPAN/modules/by-module/Chart/ - - -Appendix B. Modifying Your Running System - - Bugzilla optimizes database lookups by storing all relatively static -information in the versioncache file, located in the data/ subdirectory -under your installation directory (we said before it needs to be writable, -right?!) - - If you make a change to the structural data in your database (the -versions table for example), or to the "constants" encoded in -defparams.pl, you will need to remove the cached content from the data -directory (by doing a "rm data/versioncache"), or your changes won't show -up! - - That file gets automatically regenerated whenever it's more than an -hour old, so Bugzilla will eventually notice your changes by itself, but -generally you want it to notice right away, so that you can test things. - - -Appendix C. Upgrading from previous versions of Bugzilla - - The developers of Bugzilla are constantly adding new tables, columns and -fields. You'll get SQL errors if you just update the code. The strategy -to update is to simply always run the checksetup.pl script whenever -you upgrade your installation of Bugzilla. If you want to see what has -changed, you can read the comments in that file, starting from the end. - - -Appendix D. History - - This document was originally adapted from the Bonsai installation -instructions by Terry Weissman . - - The February 25, 1999 re-write of this page was done by Ry4an Brase -, with some edits by Terry Weissman, Bryce Nesbitt, -Martin Pool, & Dan Mosedale (But don't send bug reports to them! -Report them using bugzilla, at http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi , -project Webtools, component Bugzilla). - - This document was heavily modified again Wednesday, March 07 2001 to -reflect changes for Bugzilla 2.12 release by Matthew P. Barnson. The -securing MySQL section should be changed to become standard procedure -for Bugzilla installations. +* Installation instructions are now found in docs/, with a variety of document +types available. Please refer to these documents when installing, configuring, +and maintaining your Bugzilla installation. A helpful starting point is +docs/txt/Bugzilla-Guide.txt, or with a web browser at docs/html/index.html. + +* Release Notes for Bugzilla 2.12 are available at docs/rel_notes.txt. - Comments from people using this document for the first time are -especially welcomed. +* If you wish to contribute to the documentation, please read docs/README.docs. -- cgit v1.2.3-65-gdbad